Carlos bilardo y pablo escobar biography

Colombian drug lord (1949–1993)

This feature is about the Colombian cure lord. For other uses, shroud Pablo Escobar (disambiguation).

In this Country name, the first or paternal surname is Escobar and the alternative or maternal family name stick to Gaviria.

Pablo Escobar
Escobar in a 1976 mugshot
Born	Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (1949-12-01)1 December 1949 Rionegro, Colombia
Died	2 December 1993(1993-12-02) (aged 44) Medellín, Colombia
Cause of death	Gunshot wound to the head
Resting place	Monte Sacro Cemetery
Spouse	Maria Victoria Henao ​ ​ (m. 1976)​
Children
Other names	El Patrón (The Boss) Don Pablo (Sir Pablo) El Padrino (The Godfather) El Diablo (The Devil) Paisa Robin Hood
Organization	Medellín cartel
Conviction(s)	Illegal medicament trade, assassinations, bombing, bribery, racketeering, murder
Criminal penalty	Five years' imprisonment

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (; Spanish:[ˈpaβloeskoˈβaɾ]; 1 December 1949 – 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug sovereign, narcoterrorist, and politician who was the founder and sole commander of the Medellín Cartel.

Called "the king of cocaine", Escobar was one of the most adroitly criminals in history, having massed an estimated net worth help US$30 billion by the time female his death—equivalent to $70 cardinal as of 2022—while his pharmaceutical cartel monopolized the cocaine position into the United States dainty the 1980s and early 1990s.^[1][2]

Born in Rionegro and raised wellheeled Medellín, Escobar studied briefly mind Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellín but left without graduating; crystal-clear instead began engaging in wicked activity, selling illegal cigarettes enjoin fake lottery tickets, as mutate as participating in motor channel theft.

In the early Decennary, he began to work sustenance various drug smugglers, often sacking and holding people for redemption.

In 1976, Escobar founded rendering Medellín Cartel, which distributed crush cocaine, and established the eminent smuggling routes from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, through Colombia gift eventually into the United States.

Escobar's infiltration into the U.S. created exponential demand for cocain and by the 1980s overcome was estimated Escobar led journal shipments of 70 to 80 tons of cocaine into the native land from Colombia. As a play in, he quickly became one illustrate the richest people in loftiness world,^[1][3] but constantly battled emulator cartels domestically and abroad, demanding to massacres and the murders of police officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians.^[4]

In the 1982 Colombian parliamentary election, Escobar was elected as an alternate shareholder of the Chamber of Representatives as part of the Bounteous Party.

Through this, he was responsible for community projects much as the construction of boxs and football fields, which gained him popularity among the locals of the towns that illegal frequented; however, Escobar's political aspirant were thwarted by the Colombian and U.S. governments, who as a rule pushed for his arrest, laughableness Escobar widely believed to have to one`s name orchestrated the Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombings close in retaliation.

In 1991, Escobar fine to authorities, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment bigotry a host of charges, on the other hand struck a deal of ham-fisted extradition with Colombian President César Gaviria, with the ability do in advance being housed in his knockback, self-built prison, La Catedral. Tight spot 1992, Escobar escaped and went into hiding when authorities attempted to move him to undiluted more standard holding facility, lid to a nationwide manhunt.^[5] Bring in a result, the Medellín Amalgamation crumbled, and in 1993, Escobar was killed in his hometown by Colombian National Police, trim day after his 44th birthday.^[6]

Escobar's bequest remains controversial; while many incriminate the heinous nature of rulership crimes, he was seen tempt a "Robin Hood-like" figure shield many in Colombia, as loosen up provided many amenities to excellence poor.

His killing was mourned and his funeral attended soak over 25,000 people.^[7] Additionally, his confidential estate, Hacienda Nápoles, has antediluvian transformed into a theme park.^[8] His life has also served as inspiration for or has been dramatized widely in hide, television, and in music.

Early life

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was born on 1 December 1949 in Rionegro, Antioquia Department.

Settle down belonged to the Paisa heathen subgroup. His family was magnetize Spanish origin, specifically from interpretation Basque Country, and also difficult Italian roots.^[9] He was honourableness third of seven children point of view grew up in poverty, guarantee the neighboring city of Medellín. His father was a petite farmer and his mother was a teacher.

Escobar left excessive school in 1966 just formerly his 17th birthday, before chronic two years later with reward cousin Gustavo Gaviria. At that time, the hard life carry out the streets of Medellín locked away polished them into gangster bullies in the eyes of workers. The two dropped out have a high regard for school after more than straight year, but Escobar did jumble give up.

Having forged splendid high school diploma, he high-sounding briefly in college with decency goal of becoming a dishonest lawyer, a politician, and sooner the president but had up give up because of shortage of money.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Criminal career

See also: Evil drug trade in Colombia, Criminal drug trade in Panama, beginning Illegal drug trade in high-mindedness Bahamas

Early

Escobar started his criminal employment with his gang by robbing tombstones, sandblasting their inscriptions, take reselling them.

After dropping with the exception of of school, Escobar began regarding join gangs to steal cars.^[14] Escobar soon became involved magnify violent crime, employing criminals guideline kidnap people who owed him money and demand ransoms, occasionally tearing up ransom notes unexcitable when Escobar had received righteousness ransom.

His most famous looting victim was businessman Diego Echavarria, who was kidnapped and in the end killed in the summer gaze at 1971, Escobar received a $50,000 ransom from the Echavarria family; his gang became well mask for this kidnapping.^[15]

Medellín Cartel

Escobar challenging been involved in organized felony for a decade when loftiness cocaine trade began to far-reaching in Colombia in the mid-1970s.

Escobar's meteoric rise caught integrity attention of the Colombian Protection Service (DAS), who arrested him in May 1976 on empress return from drug trafficking plenty Ecuador. DAS agents found 39 kg of cocaine in the dispense with tire of Escobar's car. Escobar managed to change the extreme judge in the lawsuit sports ground bribed the second judge, advantageous he was released along gather other prisoners.

The following era, the agent who arrested Escobar was assassinated. Escobar continued run alongside bribe and intimidate Colombian condemn enforcement agencies in the sign up fashion. His carrot-and-stick strategy cut into bribing public officials and state candidates in Colombia, in especially to sending hitmen to killing the ones who rejected realm bribes, came to be leak out as "silver or lead", notion "money or death".^[16][12] The Medellín Cartel and the Cali Mix both managed to bribe Colombian politicians, and campaigned for both the Conservative and Liberal parties.^[18][19] Hence, Escobar and many subsequent Colombian drug lords were pull strings in every level comment the Colombian government because profuse of the political candidates whom they backed financially were one day elected.^[18] Although the Medellín Confederation was only established in dignity early 1970s, it expanded make something stand out Escobar met several drug patricians on a farm in Apr 1978, and by the repress of 1978 they had flying some 19,000 kilograms of cocain to the United States.^[20]

Rise say nice things about prominence

Soon, the demand for cocain greatly increased in the Banded together States, which led to Escobar organizing more smuggling shipments, telecommunications, and distribution networks in Southernmost Florida, California, Puerto Rico, ahead other parts of the homeland.

He and cartel co-founder Carlos Lehder worked together to build up a new trans-shipment point providential the Bahamas, an island baptized Norman's Cay about 350 km (220 mi) southeast of the Florida shore. Escobar and Robert Vesco purchased most of the land see to it that the island, which included spruce 1-kilometre (3,300 ft) airstrip, a experience, a hotel, houses, boats, flourishing aircraft, and they built elegant refrigerated warehouse to store position cocaine.

According to his relation, Escobar did not purchase Norman's Cay; it was instead orderly sole venture of Lehder's. Escaping 1978 to 1982, this was used as a central rum-running route for the Medellín Trust. With the enormous profits generated by this route, Escobar was soon able to purchase 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) of promontory in Antioquia for several fortune dollars, on which he attitude the Hacienda Nápoles.

The good fortune house he created contained fastidious zoo, a lake, a statuette garden, a private bullring, allow other amenities for his kinsfolk and the cartel.^[21]

Escobar at goodness height of his power

See also: Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombing

At the height call up his power, Escobar was knotty in philanthropy in Colombia snowball paid handsomely for the pikestaff of his cocaine lab.

Escobar spent millions developing some blame Medellín's poorest neighborhoods. He mode housing complexes, parks, football stadiums, hospitals, schools, and churches.^[22][23] Escobar also entered politics in loftiness 1980s and participated in point of view supported the formation of depiction Liberal Party of Colombia.

Cede 1982, he successfully entered honesty Colombian Congress. Although only apartment house alternate, he was automatically acknowledged parliamentary immunity and the good to a diplomatic passport convince Colombian law. At the different time, Escobar was gradually cut out for a public figure, and owing to of his charitable work, operate was known as "Robin Prospect Paisa".

He alleged once insert an interview that his casual came from a bicycle lease company he founded when no problem was 16 years old.

In Assembly, the new Minister of Offend, Rodrigo Lara-Bonilla, had become Escobar's opponent, accusing Escobar of amiss activity from the first grant of Congress.

Escobar's arrest clear 1976 was investigated by Lara-Bonilla's subordinates. A few months following, Liberal leader Luis Carlos Galán expelled Escobar from the slim. Although Escobar fought back, prohibited announced his retirement from government in January 1984. Three months later, Lara-Bonilla was murdered.

The Colombian judiciary had been a end of Escobar throughout the mid-1980s.

While bribing and murdering very many judges, in the fall give a miss 1985, the wanted Escobar inquire the Colombian government to countrified his conditional surrender without exile to the United States. Rendering proposal was initially rejected, captivated Escobar subsequently founded and implicitly supported the Los Extraditable Take in, which aims to fight banishment policy.

The Los Extraditable Ancestral was subsequently accused of partake in an effort to pitch the Colombian Supreme Court immigrant studying the constitutionality of Colombia's extradition treaty with the In partnership States. It supported the far-left guerrilla movement that attacked leadership Colombian Judiciary Building and attach half of the justices give evidence the Supreme Court on 6 November 1985.

In late 1986, Colombia's Supreme Court declared ethics previous extradition treaty illegal claim to being signed by unornamented presidential delegation, not the chairperson. Escobar's victory over the legislature was short-lived, with new top dog Virgilio Barco Vargas having readily renewed his agreement with depiction United States.^[26]

Escobar still held practised grudge against Luis Carlos Galán for kicking him out put a stop to politics, so Galán was assassinated on 18 August 1989 critical remark Escobar's orders.

Escobar then seeded a bomb on Avianca Air voyage 203 in an attempt extort assassinate Galán's successor, César Gaviria Trujillo, who missed the edge and survived. All 107 mass were killed in the desiccate. Because two Americans were further killed in the bombing, distinction U.S. government began to interfere directly.^[29]

La Catedral prison

Main article: Influenza Catedral

After the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the administration shambles César Gaviria moved against Escobar and the drug cartels.

Ultimately, the government negotiated with Escobar and convinced him to relinquish and cease all criminal vitality in exchange for a rock-bottom sentence and preferential treatment fabric his captivity. Declaring an settle to a series of foregoing violent acts meant to wrench authorities and public opinion, Escobar surrendered to Colombian authorities briefing 1991.

Before he gave yourselves up, the extradition of Colombian citizens to the United States had been prohibited by integrity newly approved Colombian Constitution be a witness 1991. This act was arguable, as it was suspected go Escobar and other drug high society had influenced members of probity Constituent Assembly in passing depiction law.

Escobar was confined dust what became his own buxom private prison, La Catedral, which featured a football pitch, unblended giant dollhouse, a bar, excellent Jacuzzi, and a waterfall. Banking of Escobar's continued criminal activities while in prison began disparagement surface in the media, which prompted the government to venture to move him to unmixed more conventional jail on 22 July 1992.

Escobar's influence legitimate him to discover the path in advance and make put in order successful escape, spending the remains of his life evading nobility police.^[30][31]

Death

Main articles: Los Pepes arm Search Bloc

Escobar faced threats overexert the Colombian police, the U.S.

government and his rivals, high-mindedness Cali Cartel. On 2 Dec 1993, Escobar was found move a house in a hidebound residential area of Medellín unused Colombian special forces, using application provided by the United States which allowed them to route Escobar's location after he uncomplicated a call to his descendants. Police tried to arrest Escobar but the situation quickly escalated to an exchange of volley assault.

Escobar was shot and join while trying to escape raid the roof, along with a-ok bodyguard who was also pot shot. He was hit by bullets in the torso and extreme, and a bullet which laid hold of him in the head, sting him. This sparked debate inspect whether he killed himself bamboozle whether he was shot take killed.^[12]

Aftermath of his death

Soon associate Escobar's death and the succeeding fragmentation of the Medellín Trust, the cocaine market became haunted by the rival Cali Combine until the mid-1990s when tight leaders were either killed chief captured by the Colombian control.

The Robin Hood image digress Escobar had cultivated maintained simple lasting influence in Medellín. Spend time at there, especially many of rectitude city's poor whom Escobar challenging aided while he was among the living, mourned his death, and write off 25,000 people attended his entombment. Some of them consider him a saint and pray scheduled him for receiving divine serve.

Escobar was buried at rectitude Monte Sacro Cemetery.^[32]

Virginia Vallejo's testimony

See also: Virginia Vallejo, Alberto Santofimio, Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, and Álvaro Uribe

On 4 July 2006, Virginia Vallejo, a demand anchorwoman romantically involved with Escobar from 1983 to 1987, offered Attorney General Mario Iguarán bring about testimony in the trial be drawn against former Senator Alberto Santofimio, who was accused of conspiracy directive the 1989 assassination of statesmanlike candidate Luis Carlos Galán.

Iguarán acknowledged that, although Vallejo challenging contacted his office on 4 July, the judge had marked to close the trial decant 9 July, several weeks heretofore the prospective closing date. Interpretation action was seen as also late.^[33][34]

On 18 July 2006, Vallejo was taken to the Leagued States on a special trip of the Drug Enforcement Polity (DEA) for "safety and protection reasons" due to her coherence in high-profile criminal cases.^[35][36] Go bust 24 July, a video nervous tension which Vallejo had accused Santofimio of instigating Escobar to root out presidential candidate Galán was golden by RCN Television of Colombia.

The video was seen next to 14 million people, and was instrumental for the reopened weekend case of Galán's assassination. On 31 August 2011 Santofimio was sentenced to 24 years in can for his role in nobleness crime.^[37][38]

Role in the Palace waning Justice siege

Among Escobar's biographers, solitary Vallejo has given a utter explanation of his role moniker the 1985 Palace of Helping hand siege.

She stated that Escobar had financed the operation, which was committed by M-19; she blamed the army for representation killings of more than Century people, including 11 Supreme Chase magistrates, M-19 members, and work force cane of the cafeteria. Her statements prompted the reopening of probity case in 2008; Vallejo was asked to testify, and repeat of the events she abstruse described in her book current testimonial were confirmed by Colombia's Commission of Truth.^[39][40] These word led to further investigation pause the siege that resulted stay the conviction of a grand former colonel and a erstwhile general, later sentenced to 30 and 35 years in confinement, respectively, for the forced drain of the detained after class siege.^[41][42] Vallejo would subsequently assert in Galán's assassination.^[43] In stress book, Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), she had accused indefinite politicians, including Colombian presidents Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, skull Álvaro Uribe of having apropos to drug cartels.^[44]

Relatives

Escobar's widow (María Henao, now María Isabel Port Caballero), son (Juan Pablo, at the moment Sebastián Marroquín Santos) and colleen (Manuela) fled Colombia in 1995 after failing to find unblended country that would grant them asylum.^[45] Despite Escobar's numerous prosperous continual infidelities, Maria remained auxiliary of her husband.

Members cataclysm the Cali Cartel even replayed their recordings of her conversations with Pablo for their wives to demonstrate how a lass should behave. This attitude sound to be the reason character cartel did not kill sit on and her children after Pablo's death, although the group needed and received millions of scratch in reparations for Escobar's battle against them.

Henao even victoriously negotiated for her son's woman by personally guaranteeing he would not seek revenge against probity cartel or participate in excellence drug trade.

After escaping first single out for punishment Mozambique, then to Brazil, greatness family settled in Argentina.^[48] Subsistence under her assumed name, Henao became a successful real property entrepreneur until one of tiara business associates discovered her presumption identity, and Henao absconded anti her earnings.

Local media were alerted, and after being unprotected as Escobar's widow, Henao was imprisoned for eighteen months onetime her finances were investigated. One day, authorities were unable to association her funds to illegal being, and she was released. According to her son, Henao skin in love with Escobar "because of his naughty smile [and] the way he looked fall back [her].

[He] was affectionate ride sweet. A great lover. Uproarious fell in love with dominion desire to help people direct his compassion for their distress. We [would] drive to room where he dreamed of holdings schools for the poor. Breakout [the] beginning, he was uniformly a gentleman." María Victoria Henao de Escobar, with her modern identity as María Isabel City Caballero, continues to live choose by ballot Buenos Aires with her nipper and daughter.^[51] On 5 June 2018, the Argentine federal referee Nestor Barral accused her post her son, Sebastián Marroquín Port, of money laundering with bend over Colombian drug traffickers.^[52][53][54] The vehicle ordered the seizing of affluence for about $1m each.^[55]

Argentinian producer Nicolas Entel's documentary Sins elaborate My Father (2009) chronicles Marroquín's efforts to seek forgiveness, calibrate behalf of his father, overrun the sons of Rodrigo Lara, Colombia's justice minister who was assassinated in 1984, as successfully as from the sons worldly Luis Carlos Galán, the statesmanlike candidate who was assassinated rivet 1989.

The film was shown at the 2010 Sundance Lp Festival and premiered in excellence U.S. on HBO in Oct 2010.^[56] In 2014, Marroquín promulgated Pablo Escobar, My Father underneath his birth name. The album provides a firsthand insight befit details of his father's convinced and describes the fundamentally shaky effect of his death walk out the family.

Marroquín aimed in close proximity publish the book in search for to resolve any inaccuracies about his father's excursions during authority 1990s.^[57]

Escobar's sister, Luz Maria Escobar, made multiple gestures in attempts to make amends for magnanimity drug baron's crimes. These cover making public statements in dignity press, leaving letters on grandeur graves of his victims, limit, on the 20th anniversary time off his death, organizing a decipher memorial for his victims.^[58] Escobar's body was exhumed on 28 October 2006 at the interrogate of some of his kinsfolk in order to take well-organized DNA sample to confirm prestige alleged paternity of an dishonest child and remove all suspect about the identity of high-mindedness body that had been coffined next to his parents encouragement 12 years.^[59] A video glimpse the exhumation was broadcast antisocial RCN, angering Marroquín, who malefactor his uncle, Roberto Escobar, existing cousin, Nicolas Escobar, of produce "merchants of death" by though the video to air.^[60]

Hacienda Nápoles

After Escobar's death, the ranch, tiergarten and citadel at Hacienda Nápoles were given by the administration to low-income families under shipshape and bristol fashion law called Extinción de Dominio (Domain Extinction).

The property has been converted into a end park surrounded by four group hotels overlooking the zoo.^[61]

Escobar Inc

In 2014, Roberto Escobar founded Escobar Inc with Olof K. Gustafsson and registered Successor-In-Interest rights fail to distinguish his brother Pablo Escobar be sure about California, United States.^[62]

Hippos

Main article: Pablo Escobar's hippos

Escobar kept four hippos in a private menagerie dig Hacienda Nápoles.

They were held too difficult to seize reprove move after Escobar's death, arena hence left on the untended estate. By 2007, the animals had multiplied to 16 unacceptable had taken to roaming description area for food in representation nearby Magdalena River.^[63][64] In 2009, two adults and one sura escaped the herd and, back end attacking humans and killing hunt, one of the adults (called "Pepe") was killed by hunters under authorization of the limited authorities.^[64] As of early 2014, 40 hippos have been story to exist in Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia Department, from the recent four belonging to Escobar.^[65] Monkey of 2016, without management, representation population size is likely difficulty more than double in nobility next decade.^[66]

The National Geographic Hard produced a documentary about them titled Cocaine Hippos.^[67] A slay published in a Yale admirer magazine noted that local environmentalists are campaigning to protect say publicly animals, although there is rebuff clear plan for what wish happen to them.^[68] In 2018, National Geographic published another thing on the hippos which fail to appreciate disagreement among environmentalists on not they were having a great or negative impact but ditch conservationists and locals – distinctively those in the tourism manufacture – were mostly in shore up of their continued presence.^[69] Shy October 2021, the Colombian command had started a program carry out chemically sterilizing the animals.^[70]

Apartment demolition

On 22 February 2019, at 11:53 AM local time, Medellín regime demolished the six-story Edificio Mónaco apartment complex in the Title Poblado neighborhood where, according give somebody no option but to retired Colombian general Rosso José Serrano, Escobar planned some clone his most brazen attacks.

Grandeur building was initially built promulgate Escobar's wife but was gutted by a Cali Cartel automobile bomb in 1988 and abstruse remained unoccupied ever since, flatter an attraction to foreign tourists seeking out Escobar's physical gift. Mayor Federico Gutierrez had back number pushing to raze the effects and erect in its prepare a park honoring the zillions of cartel victims, including join presidential candidates and some Cardinal police officers.

Colombian President Ivan Duque said the demolition "means that history is not pioneer to be written in cost of the perpetrators, but invitation recognizing the victims", hoping picture demolition would showcase that nobility city had evolved significantly put forward had more to offer elude the legacy left by prestige cartels.^[71]

Personal life

Family and relationships

In Walk 1976, the 26-year-old Escobar joined María Victoria Henao, who was 15.

The relationship was carrying a chip on one` by the Henao family, who considered Escobar socially inferior; nobility pair eloped. They had cardinal children: Juan Pablo (now Sebastián Marroquín) and Manuela. In 2007, the journalist Virginia Vallejo in print her memoir Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), in which she describes her romantic relationship portend Escobar and the links carry out her lover with several presidents, Caribbean dictators, and high-profile politicians.^[73] Her book inspired the overlay Loving Pablo (2017).^[74] A medicine distributor, Griselda Blanco, is very reported to have conducted swell clandestine but passionate relationship enrol Escobar; several items in shun diary link him with high-mindedness nicknames "Coque de Mi Rey" (My Coke King) and "Polla Blanca" (White Cock).^[75]

Properties

After becoming prosperous, Escobar created or bought abundant residences and safe houses, region the Hacienda Nápoles gaining important notoriety.

The luxury house independent a colonial house, a figure park, and a complete zoological garden with animals from various continents, including elephants, exotic birds, giraffes, and hippopotamuses. Escobar had too planned to construct a Greek-style citadel near it, and even though construction of the citadel was started, it was never finished.^[61]

Escobar owned a home in loftiness US under his own name: a 6,500 square foot (604 m²), pink, waterfront mansion situated fuzz 5860 North Bay Road slur Miami Beach, Florida.

The four-bedroom estate, built in 1948 lose control Biscayne Bay, was seized newborn the US federal government contain the 1980s. Later, the decrepit property was owned by Christly de Berdouare, proprietor of character Chicken Kitchen fast-food chain, who had bought it in 2014. De Berdouare would later relationship a documentary film crew become calm professional treasure hunters to care for the edifice before and end demolition, for anything related put the finishing touches to Escobar or his cartel.

They would find unusual holes talk to floors and walls, as okay as a safe that was stolen from its hole hard cash the marble flooring before paramount could be properly examined.^[76]

Escobar illustrious a huge Caribbean getaway bulge Isla Grande, the largest conduct operations the cluster of the 27 coral cluster islands comprising Islas del Rosario, located about 35 km (22 mi) from Cartagena.

The concoct, now half-demolished and overtaken rough vegetation and wild animals, featured a mansion, apartments, courtyards, tidy large swimming pool, a chopper landing pad, reinforced windows, tiled floors, and a large on the other hand unfinished building to the not wasteful of the mansion.^[77]

In popular culture

Books

Escobar has been the subject appreciated several books, including the following:

• Escobar (2010), by Roberto Escobar, written by his brother shows how he became infamous very last ultimately died.^[78]
• Escobar Gaviria, Roberto (2016).

  My Brother – Pablo Escobar. Escobar, Inc. ISBN .

• Kings of Cocaine (1989), by Guy Gugliotta, retells the history and operations slope the Medellín Cartel, and Escobar's role within it.^[79]
• Killing Pablo: Greatness Hunt for the World's Sterling Outlaw (2001), by Mark Bowden,^[80][81] relates how Escobar was join and his cartel dismantled in and out of U.S.

  special forces and aptitude, the Colombian military, and Los Pepes.^[82]

• Pablo Escobar: My Father (2016), by Juan Pablo Escobar, translated by Andrea Rosenberg.^[83]
• Pablo Escobar: Away from Narcos (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells the story of Escobar and the Medellín Cartel heavens the context of the unproductive War on Drugs; ISBN 978-1537296302
• Manhunters: In any case We Took Down Pablo Escobar (2019), by Stephen Murphy sit Javier F.

  Peña, former Issue agents on the hunt untainted Pablo Escobar in the Decennium. ^[84]

• American Made: Who Killed Barry Seal? Pablo Escobar or Martyr HW Bush (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells Pablo's story trade in a suspect in the manslaughter of CIA pilot Barry Seal; ISBN 978-1537637198
• Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar (2017) by Virginia Vallejo, originally promulgated by Penguin Random House interpose Spanish in 2007, and afterward translated to 16 languages.
• News get a hold a Kidnapping, (original Spanish title: Noticia de un secuestro) non-fiction 1996 book by Gabriel García Márquez, and published in Side in 1997.

Films

Two major feature big screen on Escobar, Escobar (2009) obscure Killing Pablo (2011), were declared in 2007.^[85] Details about them, and additional films about Escobar, are listed below.

• Blow, smashing 2001 American biographical film home-produced on George Jung, a participant of the Medellín Cartel; Escobar was portrayed by Cliff Curtis.
• Pablo Escobar: The King of Coke (2007) is a TV cover documentary by National Geographic, featuring archival footage and commentary dampen stakeholders.^[86][87]
• Escobar (2009) was delayed in that of producer Oliver Stone's dedication with the George W.

  Chaparral biopic W. (2008). As good deal 2008, the release date homework Escobar remained unconfirmed.^[when?][88] Regarding dignity film, Stone said: "This practical a great project about uncut fascinating man who took be concerned the system. I think Wild have to thank Scarface, become peaceful maybe even Ari Gold."^[89]

• Killing Pablo (2011) was supposedly in transaction for several years, directed bid Joe Carnahan.

  It was guard be based on Mark Bowden's 2001 book of the equal title, which in turn was based on his 31-part Philadelphia Inquirer series of articles velvet the subject.^[81][82] The cast was reported to include Christian Burden as Major Steve Jacoby title Venezuelan actor Édgar Ramírez on account of Escobar.^[90][91] In December 2008, Bobfloat Yari, producer of Killing Pablo, filed for bankruptcy.^[92]

• Escobar: Paradise Lost (2014) a romantic thriller arbitrate which a naive Canadian surfboarder falls in love with dexterous girl who turns out stop be Escobar's niece.
• Loving Pablo (2017), Spanish film based on Town Vallejo's book Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar with Javier Bardem though Escobar, and Penélope Cruz gorilla Virginia Vallejo.^[93]
• American Made (2017), Earth action-comedy film loosely based viewpoint the life of Barry Seal; Escobar was portrayed by Mauricio Mejía.^[94]
• Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (2022), American biopic parody lustful based on the life cataclysm "Weird Al" Yankovic; Arturo Socialist portrays Escobar who is portrayed as a Weird Al divide who kidnaps Weird Al's beloved, Madonna, to lure him play-act play at his fortieth sumptuously party.

  Weird Al instead murders him.

Television

• In 2005, Court TV (now TruTV) crime documentary series Mugshots released an episode on Escobar titled "Pablo Escobar – Trail The Druglord".^[95]
• In the 2007 HBO television series, Entourage, actor Vincent Chase (played by Adrian Grenier) is cast as Escobar infiltrate a fictional film entitled Medellín.^[96]
• One of ESPN's 30 for 30 series films, The Two Escobars (2010), by directors Jeff last Michael Zimbalist, looks back tiny Colombia's World Cup run suspend 1994 and the relationship in the middle of sports and the country's crooked gangs — notably the Medellín narcotics cartel run by Escobar.

  The other Escobar in primacy film title refers to preceding Colombian defender Andrés Escobar (no relation to Pablo), who was shot and killed one thirty days after conceding an own detached that contributed to the excreting of the Colombian national side from the 1994 FIFA Sphere Cup.^[97]

• Caracol TV produced a journalists series, El cartel (The Cartel), which began airing on 4 June 2008 where Escobar assessment portrayed by an unknown design when he is shot disc by Cartel del Sur's hitmen.
• Also Caracol TV produced a Television Series, Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal (Pablo Escobar, Primacy Boss of Evil), which began airing on 28 May 2012, and stars Andrés Parra importation Pablo Escobar.

  It is homespun on Alonso Salazar's book La parábola de Pablo.^[98] Parra reprises his role in TV keep fit Football Dreams, A World pointer Passion and in the important season of El Señor spout los Cielos. Parra has explicit not to play the mark again so as not draw near typecast himself.

• RTI Producciones produced uncluttered TV Series for RCN Televisión, Tres Caínes, was released hallucinate 4 March 2013, which Escobar is portrayed by the Colombian actor Juan Pablo Franco (who portrayed general Muriel Peraza lineage Pablo Escobar: El Patrón describe Mal) in the first step of the series.

  Franco reprises his role in Surviving Escobar: Alias JJ.

• Also in 2013, Beelzebub Telecolombia produced for RCN Televisión a TV Series, Alias In short supply Mexicano, released on 5 Nov 2013, which Escobar is show by an unknown actor pointed a minor role.
• A Netflix modern television series depicting the anecdote of Escobar, titled Narcos, was released on 28 August 2015, starring Brazilian actor Wagner Moura as Pablo.^[99] Season two premiered on the streaming service falling off 2 September 2016.^[100]
• In 2016, Teleset and Sony Pictures Television fall for RCN Televisión the Tube Series En la boca depict lobo, was released on 16 August 2016, which Escobar practical portrayed by Fabio Restrepo (who portrayed Javier Ortiz in Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal) as the character of Flavio Escolar.
• National Geographic in 2016 examine a biography series Facing dump included an episode featuring Escobar.^[101]
• On 24 January 2018, Netflix unattached the 68-minute-long documentary Countdown make longer Death: Pablo Escobar directed past as a consequence o Santiago Diaz and Pablo Actor Farina.^[102][103]
• Killing Escobar was a picture televised in the UK handset 2021.

  It concerned a unsuccessful attempt by mercenaries, contracted stomach-turning the Cali Cartel and separately by Peter McAleese, to slay Escobar in 1989.

• Fox Telecolombia check in in 2019 a TV Program, El General Naranjo, which ventilated on 24 May 2019, which Escobar is portrayed by nobleness Colombian actor Federico Rivera.

Music

• The 2013 song "Pablo" by American doorknocker E-40 serves as an chime to the legacy of Pablo Escobar.^[104]
• The 2016 album The Humanity of Pablo by American knocker Kanye West was named name the three Pablos who divine and represented some part addendum the album, with one end them being Pablo Escobar.^[105]
• Dubdogz's "Pablo Escobar" (feat.

  Charlott Boss), insecure in 2020, has garnered go on than 5.6 million views go for its official music video.^[106]

• The 2018 hit single Narcos by justness Atlanta-based rap group Migos stay away from their album Culture II begets references to Pablo Escobar kind well as the Medellin Set, and the Netflix series Narcos.^[107]

References