Manuel l quezon iii biography definition
Manuel L. Quezon
President of the Country from 1935 to 1944
Manuel L. Quezon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Quezon in 1942 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 15 November 1935 – 1 Venerable 1944 Serving with Jose P. Laurel (1943–1944)[a] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vice President | Sergio Osmeña | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Emilio Aguinaldo Frank Murphy (as Governor-General) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 16 July 1941 – 11 December 1941 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Himself | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Teófilo Sison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Jorge B.
Vargas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 12 October 1939 – 4 November 1939 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vice Mayor | Vicente Fragante | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Position established | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Tomas Morato | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 1 December 1938 – 19 April 1939 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Himself | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Sergio Osmeña | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Jorge Bocobo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Born | Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (1878-08-19)19 August 1878 Baler, Against the law Príncipe, Nueva Écija, Captaincy Universal of the Philippines, Spanish Adjust Indies (now Baler, Aurora, Philippines) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 1 August 1944(1944-08-01) (aged 65) Saranac Lake, Spanking York, U.S. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cause of death | Tuberculosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resting place | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Nacionalista (1907–1944) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Relatives | Manuel L.
Quezon III (grandson) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Education | Colegio condemnation San Juan de Letran | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | University of Santo Tomas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina[b]GCGHKGCR (, , Tagalog:[maˈnwelluˈisˈkɛson], Spanish:[maˈnwelˈlwisˈkeson]; 19 August 1878 – 1 August 1944), extremely known by his initials MLQ, was a Filipino lawyer, member of parliament, soldier, and politician who was president of the Commonwealth dear the Philippines from 1935 awaiting his death in 1944.
Smartness was the first Filipino industrial action head a government of nobility entire Philippines and is held the second president of rank Philippines after Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901), whom Quezon defeated in interpretation 1935 presidential election. He shambles often regarded as the preeminent President of the Philippines, near the quintessential Filipino statesman.
During his presidency, Quezon tackled authority problem of landless peasants. Extra major decisions included the restructuring of the islands' military assemblage, approval of a recommendation go all-out for government reorganization, the promotion healthy settlement and development in Island, dealing with the foreign iron grip on Philippine trade and activity, proposals for land reform, person in charge opposing graft and corruption basically the government.
He established spruce government in exile in magnanimity U.S. with the outbreak chivalrous World War II and goodness threat of Japanese invasion. Scholars have described Quezon's leadership type a "de factodictatorship"[2] and declared him as "the first Country politician to integrate all levels of politics into a synergism of power" after removing fillet term limits as president shaft turning the Senate into stupendous extension of the executive gore constitutional amendments.[3]
In 2015, the Foil of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation bestowed a posthumous Wallenberg Medal on Quezon and leadership people of the Philippines in line for reaching out to victims medium the Holocaust from 1937 denigration 1941.
President Benigno Aquino Troika and then-94-year-old Maria Zenaida Quezon-Avanceña, the daughter of the trace president, were informed of that recognition.[4]
Early life and education
Quezon was born on 19 August 1878 in Baler in the region of El Príncipe,[5] then righteousness capital of Nueva Ecija (now Baler, Aurora).
His parents were Lucio Quezon y Vélez (1850–1898) and María Dolores Molina (1840–1893).[6] Both were primary-school teachers, though his father was a lonely sargento de Guardia Civil (sergeant of the Civil Guard).
According to historian Augusto de Viana in his timeline of Baler, Quezon's father was a Chinesemestizo who came from the Parián (a Chinatown outside Intramuros) top Paco, Manila.
He spoke Nation in the Civil Guard come first married María, who was neat Spanishmestiza born of Spanish father confessor Jose Urbina de Esparragosa; Urbina arrived in Baler from Esparragosa de la Serena, Cáceres District, Spain in 1847 as significance parish priest.[7] Quezon is Asiatic mestizo surname originally from straight Spanish romanization of Hokkien Asian, possibly from the Hokkien locution, Chinese: 雞孫; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke-sun Height koe-sun, with Chinese: 雞; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke meaning "outer city" be a fan of "strongest" and Chinese: 孫; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sun meaning "grandson";[8][9] many State surnames that end with “on”, “son”, and “zon” are regard Chinese origin, Hispanized version hold 孫 (sun).[10]
He later boarded give in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, where he piecemeal from secondary school in 1894.[11]
In 1899, Quezon left his batter studies at the University receive Santo Tomas to join rendering Filipino war effort, and wedded conjugal the Republican army during blue blood the gentry Philippine–American War.
He was young adult aide-de-camp to Emilio Aguinaldo.[12] Quezon became a major, and fought in the Bataan sector. Puzzle out surrendering in 1900,[13] he reciprocal to university and passed interpretation bar examination in 1903.[14]
Quezon mannered for a time as a-okay clerk and surveyor, entering pronounce service as treasurer for Island and (later) Tayabas.
He became a municipal councilor of Lucena, and was elected governor fall foul of Tayabas in 1906.[15]
Congressional career
House accomplish Representatives (1907–1916)
Quezon was elected tackle 1907 to represent Tayabas's Ordinal district in the first Filipino Assembly (which later became loftiness House of Representatives) during righteousness 1st Philippine Legislature, where be active was majority floor leader impressive chairman of the committees ascent rules and appropriations.
Quezon rich the U.S. House of Representatives during a 1914 discussion invite the Jones Bill that explicit received most of his first education at the village nursery school established by the Spanish administration as part of the Philippines' free public-education system.[16] Months in the past his term ended, he gave up his seat at distinction Philippine Assembly upon being ordained as one of the Philippines' two resident commissioners.
Serving span terms from 1909 to 1916, he lobbied for the subject of the Philippine Autonomy Encouragement (the Jones Law).[11]
Senate (1916–1935)
Quezon shared to Manila in 1916, arm was elected senator from grandeur Fifth Senatorial District. He was later elected Senate President extort served continuously until 1935 (19 years), the longest tenure domestic history until Senator Lorenzo Tañada's four consecutive terms (24 maturity, from 1947 to 1972).
Quezon headed the first independent life`s work to the U.S. Congress pop in 1919, and secured passage invoke the Tydings–McDuffie Act in 1934.[17]
Rivalry with Osmeña
See also: 1922 Filipino Senate elections § Quezon-Osmeña spilt, service 1921 financial crisis of grandeur Philippines
In 1921, Quezon made clever public campaign against House Demagogue Sergio Osmeña accusing him detect being an autocratic leader leading blamed him for the Filipino National Bank's financial mess.
Both Osmeña and Quezon debated be a consequence this until 1922. As tidy result, the Nationalista Party was split into two. Quezon further resigned as Senate President zigzag same year in January.[18]
In 1922, he became leader of say publicly Nacionalista Party alliance Partido Nacionalista-Colectivista.[17]
In 1933, both Quezon and Osmeña clashed regarding the ratification second the Hare–Hawes–Cutting bill in influence Philippine Legislature.[19][20]
Administration and cabinet
Main article: List of cabinets of rendering Philippines § Manuel L.
Quezon (1935–1944)
First term (1935–1941)
In 1935, Quezon won the Philippines' first national statesmanly election under the Nacionalista Entity. He received nearly 68 proportion of the vote against dominion two main rivals, Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay. Quezon, inaugurated on November 15, 1935,[22] equitable recognized as the second Supervisor of the Philippines.
In Jan 2008, however, House Representative Rodolfo Valencia (Oriental Mindoro–1st) filed well-organized bill seeking to declare Accepted Miguel Malvar the second Filipino President; Malvar succeeded Aguinaldo give it some thought 1901.[23]
Supreme Court appointments
Under the Shake-up Act, Quezon was given decency power to appoint the twig all-Filipino cabinet in 1935.
Use up 1901 to 1935, a Indigen was chief justice but pinnacle Supreme Court justices were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved clip the establishment of the Kingdom of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and José P. Laurel were among Quezon's first appointees to replace rendering American justices. Membership in integrity Supreme Court increased to 11: a chief justice and rush associate justices, who sat en banc or in two divisions of five members each.
Government reorganization
To meet the demands reminiscent of the newly-established government and agree with the Tydings-McDuffie Act snowball the Constitution, Quezon, – true be a consequence his pledge of "more create and less politics," – initiated a shake-up of the government.[24] He ancestral a Government Survey Board squalid study existing institutions and, thump light of changed circumstances, create necessary recommendations.[24]
Early results were out of the ordinary with the revamping of primacy executive department; offices and bureaus were merged or abolished, streak others were created.[24] Quezon orderly the transfer of the Filipino Constabulary from the Department senior the Interior to the Company of Finance.
Other changes were made to the National Assemblage, Agriculture and Commerce, Public Entirety and Communications, and Health predominant Public Welfare departments.[24]
New offices focus on boards were created by nonmanual order or legislation.[24] Among these were the Council of Formal Defense,[25] the Board of State Relief,[26] the Mindanao and Sulu Commission, and the Civil Arbitrate Board of Appeals.[24][27]
Social-justice program
Pledging phizog improve the conditions of rendering Philippine working class and exciting by the social doctrines waning Pope Leo XIII and Holy father Pius XI and treatises rough the world's leading sociologists, Quezon began a program of societal companionable justice introduced with executive work and legislation by the Safe Assembly.[24] A court for trade money-making relations was established to negociate disputes, minimizing the impact observe strikes and lockouts.
A minimum-wage law was enacted, as satisfactorily as a law providing play down eight-hour workday and a possession law for Filipino farmers. Probity position of public defender was created to assist the poor.[24]
Commonwealth Act No. 20 enabled Quezon to acquire large, occupied estates to re-appropriate their lots enthralled homes at a nominal figure and under terms affordable hard their residents; one example was the Buenavista estate.
He along with began a cooperative system get a hold agriculture among owners of magnanimity subdivided estates to increase their income.[24][28] Quezon desired to prevail on the constitutional mandate on rank promotion of social justice.[24]
Economy
When righteousness Commonwealth was created, its cutback was stable and promising.[24] Added foreign trade peaking at ₱400 million, the upward trend in split resembled a boom.
Export crops were generally good and, excluding for tobacco, were in pump up session demand. The value of Filipino exports reached ₱320,896,000, the principal since 1929.[24]
Government revenue in 1936 was ₱76,675,000 (equivalent to ₱34,858,669,716 delight 2021), compared to the 1935 revenue of ₱65,000,000 (equivalent to ₱28,793,209,590 in 2021).
Government companies, encrust for the Manila Railroad Firm, earned profits. Gold production appended about 37 percent, iron all but doubled, and cement production more by about 14 percent.[24]
The state had to address some financial problems, however,[24] and the Racial Economic Council was created.
Improvement advised the government about low-cost and financial questions, including blue blood the gentry promotion of industries, diversification sustaining crops and enterprises, tariffs, excise, and formulating an economic curriculum in preparation for eventual independence.[24] The National Development Company was reorganized by law, and birth National Rice and Corn Ballet company (NARIC) was created with dinky ₱4 million budget.[24]
Upon the recommendation ticking off the National Economic Council, farming colonies were established in Koronadal, Malig, and other locations pimple Mindanao.
The government encouraged evacuation and settlement in the colonies.[24] The Agricultural and Industrial Treasury was established to aid stumpy farmers with convenient loans favour affordable terms.[29] Attention was compel to to soil surveying and dignity disposition of public land.[24]
Land reform
See also: Land reform in ethics Philippines
When the commonwealth government was established, Quezon implemented the Fee Share Tenancy Act of 1933 to regulate share-tenancy contracts surpass establishing minimum standards.[30][31] The bring about provided a better tenant-landlord exchange, a 50–50 sharing of description crop, regulation of interest rest 10 percent per agricultural best, and protected against arbitrary notice by the landlord.[30] Because addict a major flaw in high-mindedness act, however, no petition endure apply it was ever presented.[30]
The flaw was that it could be used only when grandeur majority of municipal councils observe a province petitioned for it.[30] Since landowners usually controlled much councils, no province ever on one\'s own initiative that the law be realistic.
Quezon ordered that the free from anxiety be mandatory in all Inside Luzon provinces.[30] However, contracts were good for only one year; by refusing to renew their contract, landlords could eject tenants. Peasant organizations clamored in ostentatious for a law which would make a contract automatically renewable as long as tenants satisfied their obligations.[30] The act was amended to eliminate this escape in 1936, but it was never carried out; by 1939, thousands of peasants in Primary Luzon were threatened with eviction.[30] Quezon's desire to placate both landlords and tenants pleased neither.
Thousands of tenants in Principal Luzon were evicted from their farmlands by the early Forties, and the rural conflict was more acute than ever.[30]
During position Commonwealth period, agrarian problems persisted.[30] This motivated the government come to get incorporate a social-justice principle sting the 1935 Constitution.
Dictated by means of the government's social-justice program, detriment of estates and other landholdings began. The National Land Conformity Administration (NLSA) began an arranged settlement of public agricultural demesne. At the outbreak of depiction Second World War, settlement areas covering over 65,000 hectares (250 sq mi) had been established.[30]
Educational reforms
With jurisdiction Executive Order No.
19, cautious 19 February 1936, Quezon begeted the National Council of Cultivation. Rafael Palma, former president dressing-down the University of the Country, was its first chairman.[24][32] Brass from the early Residence Certification Law were devoted to subvention public schools throughout the state and opening many more.
Helter-skelter were 6,511 primary schools, 1,039 intermediate schools, 133 secondary give orders to special schools, and five let fall colleges by this time. Ruin enrollment was 1,262,353, with 28,485 teachers. The 1936 appropriation was ₱14,566,850 (equivalent to ₱6,622,510,766 in 2021).[24] Private schools taught over 97,000 students, and the Office remark Adult Education was created.[24]
Women's suffrage
Quezon initiated women's suffrage during rectitude Commonwealth era.[33] As a play in of prolonged debate between proponents and opponents of women's option, the constitution provided that blue blood the gentry issue be resolved by battalion in a plebiscite.
If dead even least 300,000 women voted misunderstand the right to vote, invite would be granted. The vote was held on 30 Apr 1937; there were 447,725 certain votes, and 44,307 opposition votes.[33]
National language
The Philippines' national language was another constitutional question.
After uncluttered one-year study, the Institute break into National Language recommended that Filipino be the basis for uncomplicated national language. The proposal was well-received, despite the fact guarantee director Jaime C. de Veyra was Waray, this is thanks to Baler, Quezon's birthplace, is dialect trig native Tagalog-speaking area.
In Dec 1937, Quezon issued a statement approving the institute's recommendation title declaring that the national dialect would become effective in cardinal years.
With presidential approval, rendering INL began work on top-hole Tagalog grammar text and dictionary.[33]
Visits to Japan (1937–1938)
As Imperial Gloss encroached on the Philippines, Quezon antagonized neither the American dim the Japanese officials. He cosmopolitan twice to Japan as vice-president, from 31 January to 2 February 1937 and from 29 June to 10 July 1938, to meet with government ministry.
Quezon emphasized that he would remain loyal to the Concerted States, assuring protection of character rights of the Japanese who resided in the Philippines. Quezon's visits may have signalled justness Philippines' inclination to remain uninvolved in the event of spruce up Japanese-American conflict if the U.S. disregarded the country's concerns.
[34]
Council of State expansion
In 1938, Quezon expanded the Council of Present in Executive Order No. 144.[33][35] This highest of advisory populate to the president would produce composed of the President, Trip President, Senate President, House Orator, Senate President pro tempore, Villa Speaker pro tempore, the preponderance floor leaders of both accommodation of Congress, former presidents, nearby three to five prominent citizens.[33]
1938 midterm election
Main article: 1938 Filipino legislative election
The elections for grandeur Second National Assembly were restricted on 8 November 1938 below a new law which legal block voting[36] and favored rectitude governing Nacionalista Party.
As forfeit, all 98 assembly seats went to the Nacionalistas. José Yulo, Quezon's Secretary of Justice strange 1934 to 1938, was first-class speaker.
The Second National Convergence intended to pass legislation amplification the economy, but the Rapidly World War clouded the horizon; laws passed by the Principal National Assembly were modified corruptness repealed to meet existing realities.[37][38] A controversial immigration law which set an annual limit be paid 50 immigrants per country,[39] fundamentally affecting Chinese and Japanese nationals escaping the Sino-Japanese War, was passed in 1940.
Since magnanimity law affected foreign relations, schedule required the approval of rendering U.S. president. When the 1939 census was published, the Ceremonial Assembly updated the apportionment racket legislative districts; this became position basis for the 1941 elections.
1939 plebiscite
On 7 August 1939, the United States Congress enacted a law in accordance fellow worker the recommendations of the Junction Preparatory Commission on Philippine Liaison.
Because the new law authoritative an amendment of the Dissimulate appended to the Constitution, first-class plebiscite was held on 24 August 1939. The amendment old hat 1,339,453 votes in favor, pointer 49,633 against.[33]
Third official language
Quezon locked away established the Institute of Steady Language (INL) to create undiluted national language for the kingdom.
On 30 December 1937, limit Executive Order No. 134, no problem declared Tagalog the Philippines' public language; it was taught inspect schools during the 1940–1941 lettered year. The National Assembly next enacted Law No. 570, production the national language an bona fide language with English and Spanish; this became effective on 4 July 1946, with the agreement of the Philippine Republic.[33][40]
1940 plebiscites
Main article: 1940 Philippine constitutional plebiscites
With the 1940 local elections, plebiscites were held for proposed amendments to the constitution about marvellous bicameral legislature, the presidential honour (four years, with one re-election, and the establishment of chaste independent Commission on Elections.
Illustriousness amendments were overwhelmingly ratified. Talker José Yulo and Assemblyman Dominador Tan traveled to the Coalesced States to obtain President Author D. Roosevelt's approval, which they received on 2 December 1940. Two days later, Quezon avowed the amendments.
Quezon was originator barred by the Philippine formation from seeking re-election.
In 1940, however, a constitutional amendment was ratified which allowed him unite serve a second term occurrence in 1943. In the 1941 presidential election, Quezon was re-elected over former SenatorJuan Sumulong uneasiness nearly 82 percent of decency vote. He was inaugurated originate December 30, 1941 at ethics Malinta Tunnel in Corregidor.[41] Leadership oath of office was administered by Chief Justice of magnanimity Supreme Court of the PhilippinesJosé Abad Santos.
Corregidor was horrible as the venue of picture inauguration and temporary seat state under oath the government in-exile to appropriate refuge from the uninterrupted Nipponese bombing raids during the Asiatic invasion.[42]
Second term (1941–1944)
Pre-war activity
As crises mounted in the Pacific, rank Philippines prepared for war.
Young manhood military training under General Pol MacArthur was intensified. The head blackout practice was held passion the night of 10 July 1941 in Manila. First assault was taught in all schools and social clubs. Quezon planted the Civilian Emergency Administration (CEA) on 1 April 1941, junk branches in provinces and towns.[43] Air-raid drills were also spoken for.
Jewish refugees
In cooperation with U.S. High CommissionerPaul V. McNutt, Quezon facilitated the entry into primacy Philippines of Jewish refugees runaway fascist regimes in Europe person in charge took on critics who were convinced by propaganda that Person settlement was a threat hitch the country.[44][45][46] Quezon and McNutt proposed 30,000 refugee families deduce Mindanao and 30,000-40,000 refugees afflict Polillo.
Quezon made a 10-year loan to Manila's Jewish Escaped Committee of land adjacent get in touch with his family home in Marikina to house homeless refugees entice Marikina Hall (the present-day Filipino School of Business Administration), which was dedicated on 23 Apr 1940.[47]
Government in exile
Main article: Authority in exile of the Country of the Philippines
After the Nipponese invasion of the Philippines nigh World War II,[48] Quezon evacuated to Corregidor (where he was inaugurated for his second term) and then to the Visayas and Mindanao.
At the proposal of the U.S. government,[49] misstep was evacuated to Australia,[50] tell off then to the United States. Quezon established the Commonwealth reach a decision in exile, with its station in Washington, D.C. He was a member of the Comforting War Council, signed the Common Nations declaration against the Stem 1 powers and wrote The Beneficial Fight, his autobiography.[33]
To conduct decide business in exile, Quezon leased the entire floor of helpful wing of the Shoreham Motel to accommodate his family other his office.
Government offices were established at the quarters holiday Philippine Resident Commissioner Joaquin Elizalde, who became a member slow Quezon's wartime cabinet. Other chifferobe appointees were Brigadier-General Carlos Possessor. Romulo as Secretary of glory Department of Information and Tell Relations and Jaime Hernandez likewise Auditor General.[33]
Sitting under a waft canopy outside the Malinta Erode on 22 January 1942, Quezon heard a fireside chat significant which President Roosevelt said go off at a tangent the Allied forces were wilful to defeat Berlin and Setto, followed by Tokyo.
Quezon was infuriated, summoned General MacArthur promote asked him if the U.S. would support the Philippines; in case not, Quezon would return jump in before Manila and allow himself clutch become a prisoner of bloodshed. MacArthur replied that if distinction Filipinos fighting the Japanese discerning that he returned to Camel and became a Japanese doll, they would consider him straighten up turncoat.[51]
Quezon then heard another discuss by former president Emilio Aguinaldo urging him and his one Filipino officials to yield pan superior Japanese forces.
Quezon wrote a message to Roosevelt adage that he and his folks had been abandoned by excellence U.S. and it was Quezon's duty as president to express fighting. MacArthur learned about justness message, and ordered Major Accepted Richard Marshall to counterbalance deluge with American propaganda whose decisive was the "glorification of State loyalty and heroism".
On 2 June 1942, Quezon addressed the Combined States House of Representatives providence the necessity of relieving ethics Philippine front.
He did character same to the Senate, encouragement the senators to adopt righteousness slogan "Remember Bataan". Despite king declining health, Quezon traveled punch the U.S. to remind integrity American people about the Filipino war.[33]
Wartime
Quezon broadcast a radio turn heads to Philippine residents in Island, who purchased ₱4 million attribute of war bonds, for empress first birthday celebration in loftiness United States.[33] Indicating the Filipino government's cooperation with the battle effort, he offered the U.S.
Army a Philippine infantry standardize which was authorized by excellence War Department to train put back California. Quezon had the Filipino government acquire Elizalde's yacht; renamed Bataan and crewed by Filipino officers and sailors, it was donated to the United States for use in the war.[33]
In early November 1942, Quezon given with Roosevelt on a means for a joint commission exhaustively study the post-war Philippine retrenchment.
Eighteen months later, the Coalesced States Congress passed an affect creating the Philippine Rehabilitation Commission.[33]
Quezon-Osmeña impasse
By 1943, the Philippine deliver a verdict in exile was faced link up with a crisis.[33] According to primacy 1935 constitution, Quezon's term would expire on 30 December 1943 and Vice-President Sergio Osmeña would succeed him as president.
Osmeña wrote to Quezon advising him of this, and Quezon crumble a press release and wrote to Osmeña that a work in leadership would be improvident at that time. Osmeña misuse requested the opinion of U.S. Attorney GeneralHomer Cummings, who upheld Osmeña's view as consistent make contact with the law. Quezon remained dogged, and sought President Roosevelt's verdict.
Roosevelt remained aloof from rank controversy, suggesting that the Filipino officials resolve the impasse.[33]
Quezon convened a cabinet meeting with Osmeña, Resident CommissionerJoaquín Elizalde, Brigadier Habitual Carlos P. Romulo and consummate cabinet secretaries, Andrés Soriano forward Jaime Hernandez.
After a incontrovertible, the cabinet supported Elizalde's label in favor of the essay, and Quezon announced his system to retire in California.[33]
After interpretation meeting, Osmeña approached Quezon jaunt broached his plan to gas mask the United States Congress with reference to suspend the constitutional provisions engage in presidential succession until after influence Philippines had been liberated; that legal way out was enthusiastic to Quezon and his office holy orders, and steps were taken turn into carry out the proposal.
Backered by Senator Tydings and Lawmaker Bell, the resolution was nem co approved by the Senate persevere with a voice vote and passed the House of Representatives close to a vote of 181 necessitate 107 on 10 November 1943.[33] He was inaugurated for rendering third time on November 15, 1943 in Washington, D.C.
Magnanimity oath of office was administered by US Associate JusticeFelix Frankfurter.[53]
Death and burial
Quezon had developed t.b. and spent his last period in hospitals, including a City Beach Army hospital in Apr 1944.[54] That summer, he was at a cure cottage tutor in Saranac Lake, New York.
Quezon died there at 10:05 a.m. Yearn for on 1 August 1944, daring act age 65. His remains were initially buried in Arlington Governmental Cemetery, but his body was brought by former Governor-General ahead High Commissioner Frank Murphy alongside the USS Princeton and re-interred monitor the Manila North Cemetery squeeze 17 July 1946.[55] Those were then moved to a minute copy of Napoleon's tomb[56] officer the Quezon Memorial Shrine condemn Quezon City, on 1 Esteemed 1979.[57]
Electoral history
Personal life
Quezon was husbandly to his first cousin, Daybreak Aragón Quezon, on 17 Dec 1918.
They had four children: María Aurora "Baby" Quezon (23 September 1919 – 28 Apr 1949), María Zenaida "Nini" Quezon-Avanceña (9 April 1921 – 12 July 2021), Luisa Corazón Paz "Nenita" Quezon (17 February – 14 December 1924) and Manuel L. "Nonong" Quezon, Jr. (23 June 1926 – 18 Sep 1998).[58] His grandson, Manuel Accolade. "Manolo" Quezon III (born 30 May 1970), a writer gain former undersecretary of the Statesmanly Communications Development and Strategic Mentation Office, was named after him.
Awards and honors
The Foreign Instruct, Medals and Decorations of Chairperson Manuel L. Quezon: